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【Objective】 To compare the outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic transperitoneal and retroperitoneal operation for huge (>6 cm) adrenal tumors. 【Methods】 The clinical data of 45 patients with huge adrenal tumors who underwent robotic surgery during Jan.2017 and Dec.2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 28 cases via the transperitoneal approach and 17 cases via the retroperitoneal approach. 【Results】 No patients were converted to open operations. There were no significant differences in postoperative drainage time (2.24±0.44 vs. 2.36±0.49) d, operation time (130.88±5.96 vs. 136.61±8.39) min, blood loss (189.41±13.91 vs. 192.5±12.36) mL and postoperative hospital stay (7.06±0.56 vs. 7.46±0.69) d between the retroperitoneal and transperitoneal approaches. Retroperitoneal approach was better than transperitoneal approach in early postoperative feeding [(38.82±6.75 vs. 74.14±6.57) h, P<0.01] . 【Conclusion】 Robotic surgery is safe and effective in the treatment of large adrenal tumors. The choice of surgical approach should be based on patients’ condition, tumor volume and location.
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ObjectiveTo explore the relationship among loneliness， Internet addiction and online deviant behavior of students in police colleges， and to discuss the related mechanism. MethodsIn March 2020， 766 students from a police college in Sichuan were selected by cluster sampling method， and assessed using University of California at Los Angeles-Loneliness Scale （UCLA-LS）， Diagnostic Scale for Internet Addiction Disorder （DSFIAD） and College Students' Online Deviant Behavior Questionnaire， then SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical， and Mplus 8.0 software was used to test the mediating and moderating effects. Results①The Online Deviant Behavior Questionnaire score of male students in police college was higher than that of female students （t=7.560， P<0.01）. ②UCLA-LS score was positively correlated with DSFIAD score （r=0.406， P<0.01）， and Online Deviant Behavior Questionnaire score was positively correlated with UCLA-LS and DSFIAD scores （r=0.279， 0.592， P<0.01）. ③Loneliness could positively predict online deviant behavior （β=0.279， t=9.041， P<0.01）. ④Internet addiction played a full mediating role between loneliness and online deviant behavior， with a mediating effect size of 0.233 （95% CI： 0.190~0.279， P<0.01）， accounting for 83.51% of the total effect. ⑤Gender played a regulatory role in the second half （Internet addiction → online deviant behavior） of the intermediary path of "loneliness → Internet addiction → online deviant behavior" （β=-0.192， t=-4.461， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe loneliness of police college students cause a direct impact on the online deviant behavior， and also pose an indirect impact on online deviant behavior through Internet addiction. Furthermore， loneliness has a moderated mediation effect on online deviant behavior， and is only significant in the male students.
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Objective:To study the characteristics of breath sound spectroscopy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) patients with different lung function grades, to preliminarily determine the characteristic parameters and indicators of breath sound spectrograms with different lung function grades of COPD, and to explore the visualization and measurability of the differences in respiratory auscultation in patients with different lung function grades.Methods:Patients diagnosed and treated in Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Chongming Branch from October 2018 to December 2020 were selected. Fifty-two patients with COPD (22 patients with moderate to moderate obstructive ventilation dysfunction (mild to moderate group), 30 patients with severe obstructive ventilation dysfunction (severe group)) and 36 normal controls (control group) were selected. The respiratory sounds were sampled with an electronic stethoscope and transmitted to the audit audio software to calculate the relevant data of respiratory sound pressure level (SPL) and the ratio to minute ventilation (VE) of samples with different lung function grades. A retrospective case-control study was used. The data with normal distribution were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and the pairwise comparison was performed by SNK- q test. Results:The breathing audio frequency of mild-moderate, severe COPD patients and the control group has a sound pressure difference of (-0.5±2.2) dB and (-1.6±6.1) dB, (0.7±4.0) dB, and there was significant difference between each group ( F=2.64, P=0.038). The sound pressure level per minute ventilation (SPL 50-200/VE) of respiratory sound inspiratory phase in COPD patients with mild to moderate and severe obstructive ventilation dysfunction and the control group were (5.7±1.8) dB/L, (6.1±2.3) dB/L and (5.4±0.9) dB/L, respectively. The expiratory SPL 50-200/VE were (5.8±1.7), (6.3±2.2) and (5.3±1.2) respectively. There was significant difference among the three groups ( Finhalation=3.26, P=0.048; Frespiration=2.44, P=0.045). ROC curve results showed that SPL 50-200/VE in the inspiratory phase, SPL 50-200/VE in the expiratory phase, and sound pressure difference to assess different grades of obstructive ventilatory dysfunction had diagnostic value (AUC values were 0.697, 0.725 and 0.686, respectively; and P values were 0.015, 0.005 and 0.022, respectively). In some patients with COPD, abnormally high energy levels may appear in the time-frequency diagram of breath sounds. Conclusion:There are significant differences in respiratory audio spectrum analysis between patients with different degrees of obstructive ventilation dysfunction and those with normal ventilation function, which can provide a basis for auxiliary judgment of obstructive ventilation dysfunction.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of critical care chest ultrasonic examination(CCUE)on different fluid management phases among septic shock infants in pediatric intensive care unit(PICU).Methods:Twenty-two infants who were hospitalized in PICU during January 2017 to December 2018 and diagnosed as septic shock were included in this study.These infants received shock and infection management as well as mechanical ventilation according to the septic shock management guidelines.CCUE was applied as needed to monitor the hemodynamic status for titrated adjustment in fluid and vasoactive drug management and its impacts were evaluated.Results:The change frequencies of treatment regimen according to CCUE evaluation were different among different phases( P<0.001). Compared with the other 3 phases, the number of adjustment made to fluid management scheme caused by CCUE during the first phase was the largest(75.0%, P<0.001), and that during the fourth phase was the smallest(2.3%, P<0.01). The frequency of change during the second phase(30.5%) and the third phase(23.5%) showed no difference( P=0.210). During the first phase, compared with the group with intravenous infusion speed<10 mL/(kg·h), the group with faster intravenous infusion speed had lower LUS score and more proportion of LVEF and RVEF above 50%( P<0.05). During the second phase and the third phase, compared with group receiving slower intravenous infusion, group with faster intravenous infusion had more LVEF>50%( P<0.05). Conclusion:Application of CCUE to monitor dynamic hemodynamic of infants with septic shock in PICU has different effects on fluid management scheme adjustment at different phase.CCUE evaluation during the early 3 phases, especially during the first phase has greater influence on fluid management strategy.Rapid infusion under CCUE monitoring is often limited by cardiac ejection fraction, LUS, and mainly LVEF, especially during the first phase.Multiple ultrasonic indicators should be combined with clinical data for full evaluation.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the feasibility of using the bidirectional local distance based medical similarity index (MSI) to evaluate automatic segmentation on medical images.@*METHODS@#Taking the intermediate risk clinical target volume for nasopharyngeal carcinoma manually segmented by an experience radiation oncologist as region of interest, using Atlas-based and deep-learning-based methods to obtain automatic segmentation respectively, and calculated multiple MSI and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) between manual segmentation and automatic segmentation. Then the difference between MSI and DSC was comparatively analyzed.@*RESULTS@#DSC values for Atlas-based and deep-learning-based automatic segmentation were 0.73 and 0.84 respectively. MSI values for them varied between 0.29~0.78 and 0.44~0.91 under different inside-outside-level.@*CONCLUSIONS@#It is feasible to use MSI to evaluate the results of automatic segmentation. By setting the penalty coefficient, it can reflect phenomena such as under-delineation and over-delineation, and improve the sensitivity of medical image contour similarity evaluation.
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Feasibility Studies , Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-AssistedABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the neuroprotective effect of Danggui Shaoyaosan （DSS） in a rat model of amyloid-<italic>β</italic>-peptide<sub>1-42</sub> （A<italic>β</italic><sub>1-42</sub>）-induced Alzheimer's disease （AD） as well as its regulatory effect on NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）/cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-1 （Caspase-1） signaling pathway. Method:The AD animal model was established via intracerebral injection of A<italic>β</italic><sub>1-42</sub> and treated with different concentrations of DSS after the division of rats into the sham operation group， model group， as well as the high-， medium-， and low-dose DSS groups. Morris water maze test was conducted to determine the learning and memory abilities of rats. The morphology and function of neurons were detected by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Golgi staining， followed by immunofluorescence co-localization of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The mRNA expression levels of interleukin （IL）-1<italic>β</italic> and IL-18 were measured by Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， and the protein expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and IL-1<italic>β </italic>were assayed by Western blot. Result:Compared with the sham operation group， the model group exhibited significantly decreased learning and memory abilities （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， impaired neuronal morphology and function， up-regulated IL-1<italic>β</italic> and IL-18 mRNA expression， enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation， and elevated NLRP3， Caspase-1， and IL-1<italic>β</italic> protein expression （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， DSS at both medium and high doses remarkably improved the learning and memory abilities of AD rats （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， restored neuronal morphology and function， down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors IL-1<italic>β</italic> and IL-18， reduced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes， and lowered the protein expression levels of NLRP3， Caspase-1， and IL-1<italic>β</italic> （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:DSS inhibits inflammasome activation and neuroinflammatory response possibly by regulating the NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway， thus exerting the neuroprotective effect.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of critical care chest ultrasonic examination (CCUE) by intensive care physician on fluid management among septic shock patients in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).Methods:Forty children from PICU who were diagnosed as septic shock in Shenzhen Bao′an Maternal and Child Health Hospital were included in this study.Twenty-two of them who were hospitalized in PICU during January 2017 to December 2018, under the care of 4 PICU physicians who had certificates of the Chinese Critical Ultrasound Study Group(CCUSG) were defined as CCUE group.Eighteen PICU patients from January 2014 to December 2015 having no access to CCUE were recruited as control group.Both groups were treated according to the septic shock management guidelines with routine anti-shock and anti-infection therapy, as well as mechanical ventilation.Fluid management following conventional protocol was performed in the control group.While in the CCUE group, CCUE was applied to monitor the hemodynamic status for adjustment in fluid management.Results:Compared with the control group, the CCUE group had shorter mechanical ventilation time as well as less fluid intake and output within 48 hours after admission[(4.68±2.06)d vs.(7.33±0.49)d, (6.34±1.85)ml/(kg·h) vs.(8.55±0.39) ml/(kg·h), (2.47±1.22)ml/(kg·h) vs.(6.18±1.72)ml/(kg·h)] ( P<0.05). The CCUE group also had a more positive fluid balance and larger dosage of midazolam and fentanyl administration[(3.87±2.33)ml/(kg·h) vs.(2.37±2.10)ml/(kg·h), (5.62±2.39)μg/(kg·min) vs.(1.68±0.82)μg/(kg·min), (1.41±0.39)μg/(kg·h) vs.(0.95±0.56)μg/(kg·h)] ( P<0.05). The two groups showed no differences in vasoactive-inotropic score within 48 h(11.11±6.08 vs.9.90±4.12), dosage of furosemide[(1.07±0.52)mg/(kg.d) vs.(0.94±0.15)mg/(kg·d)], length of PICU stay[(10.73±7.48)d vs.(10.00±2.91)d], intubation rate after 1 hour of volume resuscitation[54.5%(12/22)vs.33.33%(6/18)] or mortality[8.3%(2/24)vs.5.3%(1/19)] ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Application of CCUE helps to optimize fluid management and shorten the ventilation time among children with septic shock in PICU.
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This paper showed bioprinted HepG2 tumor tissues used for studying the sonodynamic anticancer activity of chlorine e6 (Ce6). HepG2 cells were printed by using alginate/gelatin/hydroxyethyl cellulose composite biomaterial as bio ink and cell viability was detected with Live-Dead assay and MTT proliferation. The ultrasonic intensities of self-built micro ultrasonic device under different powers were estimated by using the temperature change caused by the conversion of acoustic energy to heat energy. Ce6 of 14.3 and 28.6 μg·mL-1 were acted on two-dimensional cultured and three-dimensional printed HepG2 cells, and the antitumor activity of Ce6 was detected by MTT method with ultrasound intensity of 0.15 W·cm2 for 60 s. The results showed that the activities of bioprinted HepG2 cells were as high as 95%, and tumor microspheres were formed after 7 days of culture. The ultrasound intensity was lower than 3 W·cm2, which belonged to low ultrasound intensity and had no damage to normal hepatocyte LO2 cells. By comparing the antitumor activity of Ce6 on 2D cultured and printed HepG2 cells, it was found that the anticancer activity of Ce6 on bioprinted HepG2 cells was 63.4% lower than that on 2D culture cells, indicating the acoustic drug resistance of three-dimensional tumor model. Bioprinted tumor tissues show the potential in the application of in vitro activity evaluation models for sonodynamic therapy.
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OBJECTIVE: To discuss the technical requirements of scored tablets combining with the current situation of clinical use of scored tablets and the domestic and national technical requirements. METHODS: The FDA guidance on tablet scoring was introduced in detail, on this basis, the general considerations on the technical requirements of generic scored tablets were put forward. RESULTS: AND CONCLUSION: It was suggested that the evaluation criteria should be established on the basis of taking a full consideration on product characteristics in the process of research and development, scored tablets should be developed in accordance with clinical needs, and specification description should be standardized for clarifying the clinical use of the scored tablets.
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Objective@#To investigate the effects of critical care chest ultrasonic examination (CCUE) by intensive care physician on fluid management among septic shock patients in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).@*Methods@#Forty children from PICU who were diagnosed as septic shock in Shenzhen Bao′an Maternal and Child Health Hospital were included in this study.Twenty-two of them who were hospitalized in PICU during January 2017 to December 2018, under the care of 4 PICU physicians who had certificates of the Chinese Critical Ultrasound Study Group(CCUSG) were defined as CCUE group.Eighteen PICU patients from January 2014 to December 2015 having no access to CCUE were recruited as control group.Both groups were treated according to the septic shock management guidelines with routine anti-shock and anti-infection therapy, as well as mechanical ventilation.Fluid management following conventional protocol was performed in the control group.While in the CCUE group, CCUE was applied to monitor the hemodynamic status for adjustment in fluid management.@*Results@#Compared with the control group, the CCUE group had shorter mechanical ventilation time as well as less fluid intake and output within 48 hours after admission[(4.68±2.06)d vs.(7.33±0.49)d, (6.34±1.85)ml/(kg·h) vs.(8.55±0.39) ml/(kg·h), (2.47±1.22)ml/(kg·h) vs.(6.18±1.72)ml/(kg·h)] (P<0.05). The CCUE group also had a more positive fluid balance and larger dosage of midazolam and fentanyl administration[(3.87±2.33)ml/(kg·h) vs.(2.37±2.10)ml/(kg·h), (5.62±2.39)μg/(kg·min) vs.(1.68±0.82)μg/(kg·min), (1.41±0.39)μg/(kg·h) vs.(0.95±0.56)μg/(kg·h)] (P<0.05). The two groups showed no differences in vasoactive-inotropic score within 48 h(11.11±6.08 vs.9.90±4.12), dosage of furosemide[(1.07±0.52)mg/(kg.d) vs.(0.94±0.15)mg/(kg·d)], length of PICU stay[(10.73±7.48)d vs.(10.00±2.91)d], intubation rate after 1 hour of volume resuscitation[54.5%(12/22)vs.33.33%(6/18)] or mortality[8.3%(2/24)vs.5.3%(1/19)] (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Application of CCUE helps to optimize fluid management and shorten the ventilation time among children with septic shock in PICU.
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Objective::A multi-organ chip of intestine-liver-breast cancer was constructed based on microfluidic technology and used for pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) study of drugs in vitro. Method::A multi-organ chip comprising a 4-layer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate and a 2-layer poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) cover was constructed by microfluidic technology. The connection between cells was investigated by staining the 21-day-grown human colon cancer cell line Caco-2 cell layer and the 3-day-grown human umbilical vein endothelial cell line HUVEC cell layer with CellTracker Red/Green and Hoechst, respectively. The transmission rates of 2 g·L-1 fluorescein sodium and 33.28 mg·L-1 propranolol acrossing the cell layer were employed to verify the function of the constructed intestinal module. The metabolic level of the liver module was investigated by comparing the inhibition rate of 125 μmol·L-1 cyclophosphamide against human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 cells treated with human hepatoma cell line HepG2 cells in a conventional well plate and chip liver module for 48 h. The secretion of albumin by HepG2 cells in the chip was detected to verify the synthesis function of hepatic module. Caco-2 cell layer, HUVEC cell layer, HepG2 cell layer, MCF-7 cell layer and dialysis membrane were assembled on the chip, the culture medium containing 55 mg·L-1 propranolol was injected into the upper channel of the chip for 4 h, and then changed into the normal culture solution. The mass concentration of propranolol in the lower circulating culture medium at each time point within 72 h was determined, and the drug-time curve was drawn. The culture medium containing 125 μmol·L-1 cyclophosphamide, 5 μmol·L-1 paclitaxel, 50 μmol·L-1 capecitabine was injected into the circulating fluid in the upper layer of the chip, in order to study the inhibition rates of the three anti-tumor drugs on the MCF-7 cell layer on the chip within 72 h, and the results were compared with those of the 96-well plate. Result::The constructed chip performed well. The Caco-2 and HUVEC cell layers were tightly connected. The transmission of fluorescein sodium and propranolol between the cell layers demonstrated that the constructed intestinal module had good absorption and transport function. The inhibition rate of MCF-7 by 125 μmol·L-1 cyclophosphamide after metabolism of HepG2 cells on the well plate was 22.12%, and the inhibition rate of MCF-7 by the unmetabolized cyclophosphamide was 1.84%. The inhibition rate of MCF-7 increased to 32.13%after injected 125 μmol·L-1 cyclophosphamide from the upper layer of the chip liver module, and the inhibition rate of MCF-7 after injection from the lower layer of the chip liver module was 7.23%. The mass concentration of propranolol on the chip changed with time, which was basically consistent with that in vivo. The inhibition rate of MCF-7 on the plate with 125 μmol·L-1 cyclophosphamide was lower than that on the chip, and the inhibition rates of MCF-7 on the plate with 5 μmol·L-1 paclitaxel and 50 μmol·L-1 capecitabine were higher than those on the chip. Conclusion::The constructed multi-organ chip of intestine-liver-breast cancer has the absorption and transport function of the intestine and the metabolic function of the liver. The chip can reflect the pharmacokinetic properties of propranolol in vivo, and can be used for pharmacodynamic studies of paclitaxel and capecitabine.
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Objective Recently, the incidence of breast cancer has been the highest among female malignant tumors. Therefore, potential biomarkers are urgently needed to predict and prevent breast cancer. This study was aimed to explore the expression and clinical significance of differential miRNAs and their target genes in breast cancer by establishing miRNA expression profile in breast cancer tissues. Methods From January 2015 to December 2018, a total of 137 cases of breast cancer tissues with paired paracancerous tissues and 20 cases of breast fibroadenoma tissues were collected from the department of breast surgery, affiliated hospital of Guizhou Medical University. The tissues were divided into breast cancer group, paracancerous group, breast fibroadenoma group and lymph node metastasis group. High-throughput sequencing technique was used to detect the miRNAs in breast cancer tissues and paired paracancerous tissues. Real-time PCR verified the expressions of the three miRNAs with the most significant expression differences in different groups. Finally, bioinformatics analysis was used to predict the target genes and investigate the expression of miRNAs and proteins of target genes in different breast diseases. Results A total of 157 upregulated and 162 downregulated miRNAs were screened by high-throughput sequencing. Mir-hsa-miR-532-3p and hsa-miR-1260b were the most significant in upregulated miRNAs while has-let-7c-5p was the most significant in downregulated miRNAs. Meanwhile, bioinformatics analysis showed that their target gene was EZH2. Compared with para-cancerous group, expressions of hsa-miR-532-3p and hsa-miR-1260b were significantly upregulated while hsa-let-7c-5p was significantly down-regulated in breast cancer group and lymph node metastasis group (all P<0.05). The miRNA expressions of target gene EZH2 in breast cancer group, breast fibroadenoma group and lymph node metastasis group (1.24±0.01, 4.02±0.01, 15.97±0.01, respectively) were upregulated when compared with the para-cancerous group (1.00±0.00), and the similar conclusion could be drawn in EZH2 protein expression. Conclusion Hsa-miR-532-3p, hsa-miR-1260b and hsa-let-7c-5p were closely related to breast cancer, which may promote the occurrence and development of breast cancer by inducing the transcriptional expression of EZH2. HsamiR-532-3p, hsa-miR-1260b, hsa-let-7c-5p and EZH2 may be potential tumor biomarkers of breast cancer.
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OBJECTIVE@#To study the distribution of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in healthy children aged 0-6 years.@*METHODS@#A total of 826 healthy Han children aged 0-6 years were recruited. According to their age, the children were divided into four groups: newborn, infant, toddler and preschool. Their peripheral blood samples were collected to measure the percentages of lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#There were significant differences in the percentages of CD3 T cells, CD3CD4 T cells and CD3CD19 B cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio between boys and girls (P<0.05). The girls had a lower percentage of CD3CD19 B cells, higher percentages of CD3 T cells and CD3CD4 T cells and a higher CD4/CD8 ratio than the boys. The newborn group had the highest percentages of CD3 T cells and CD3CD4 T cells and the highest CD4/CD8 ratio (P<0.05). The percentage of CD3CD4 T cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio gradually decreased with age and the preschool group had the lowest values (P<0.05). The newborn group had the lowest percentages of CD3CD19 B cells and CD3CD16CD56 NK cells (P<0.05). The percentage of CD3CD16CD56 NK cells gradually increased with age and the preschool group had the highest percentage (P<0.05). The percentage of CD3CD19 B cells reached the peak in the toddler period and then decreased with age (P<0.05). The preschool group had the highest percentage of CD3CD8 T cells (P<0.05). The variation trend of distribution of lymphocyte subsets in boys from different age groups was consistent with that in children from different age groups. For girls, the newborn group had the highest percentage of CD3CD4 T cells and CD4/CD8 ratio (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The distribution of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in healthy children is significantly different across ages and sexes. Therefore, the reference values should be established according to age and sex.
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Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Antigens, CD19 , B-Lymphocytes , Flow Cytometry , Killer Cells, Natural , Lymphocyte Count , Lymphocyte SubsetsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of on the acoustic characteristics of tumor tissue and how such acoustic changes affect the efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation in nude mice.@*METHODS@#Forty mice bearing human breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) xenograft were randomized into experimental group (=20) and control group (=20) for intravenous injection of suspension (200 μL, 4 × 10 cfu/mL) and PBS (200 μL) for 3 consecutive days, respectively. Before and at 3 and 7 days after the first injection, shear wave elastography was used to evaluate the hardness of the tumor tissue. On day 7 after the first injection, 10 mice from each group were sacrificed and the sound velocity and sound attenuation of the tumor tissues were measured. The changes in the collagen fibers in the tumors were evaluated using Masson staining, and neovascularization in the tumor was assessed with immunohistochemistry for platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31). The remaining 10 tumor-bearing mice in each group were subjected to HIFU ablation, and the ablation efficiency was evaluated by assessing the changes in irradiation gray values, coagulative necrosis volume, energy efficiency factor (EEF) and irradiation area and by pathological examination with HE staining.@*RESULTS@#In the experimental group, the collagen fibers in the tumor tissues were strong and densely aligned, and the tumors contained fewer new blood vessels showing strip-or spot-like morphologies. In the control group, the collagen fibers in the tumors were thin and loosely arranged, and the tumors showed abundant elongated or round new blood vessels. colonized in the tumor 7 days after the injection, and the tumor hardness was significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group (=0.01); the acoustic velocity (=0.001) and the acoustic attenuation (=0.000) of the tumor tissues were also greater in the experimental group. HIFU irradiation resulted in significantly greater changes in the gray scale of tumor (=0.0006) and larger coagulative necrosis volume (=0.0045) in the experimental group than in the control group, and the EEF was significantly smaller in the experimental group (=0.0134).@*CONCLUSIONS@# can cause changes in collagen fiber content, acoustic velocity and attenuation in the tumor tissue and reduce the EEF of HIFU irradiation, thereby improving the efficacy of HIFU irradiation.
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Animals , Humans , Mice , Acoustics , Bifidobacterium , Virulence , Breast Neoplasms , Pathology , Collagen , Elasticity Imaging Techniques , High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation , Mice, Nude , Neoplasm Transplantation , Random AllocationABSTRACT
The article entitled "Differential expression of exosomal miRNAs in osteoblasts in osteoarthritis" published on Journal of Central South University (Medical Science), in Volume 43, Issue 12, 2018 (DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2018.12.003) may have an unclear risk of bias due to insufficient understanding for some results. Further experimental studies are needed. We all agree to retract this article, and apologize to the Journal and readers for the possible negative impact.
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Objective:To observe the changes of inflammatory damage in the brain of rats after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and explore the effect of the initiation of IκB kinases β (IKKβ), which is the key protein of activating nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B signaling pathway in inflammatory response, and the mechanism of electroacupuncture inhibiting inflammatory damage. Methods:A total of 240 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group, ischemia-reperfusion group, electroacupuncture group, IKKβ silencing group, IKKβ overexpression group and IKKβ overexpression + electroacupuncture group, each group was further divided into six hours, twelve hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours subgroups. The right middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion model was established by modified thread embolization. The IKKβ gene was intervened by gene silencing and gene overexpression technology. Results:Compared with the model group, the neurological function score increased (P < 0.05), the cerebral infarction volume decreased (P < 0.05), the activation of NF-κB p65 was inhibited, and the content of proinflammatory factors decreased (P < 0.05) in IKKβ silencing group. Compared with IKKβ silencing group, the above results were significantly worse in IKKβ overexpression group (P < 0.05), and microglia in cerebral ischemic cortex were significantly activated. The activation of microglia and activation of IKKβ were significantly inhibited in IKKβ overexpression + electroacupuncture group. Conclusion:IKKβ gene silencing could inhibit the inflammatory response of cerebral ischemic cortex mediated by NF-κB signaling pathway, and over-expression of IKKβ could lead to severe inflammatory damage in ischemic cortex. Electroacupuncture could inhibit the inflammatory damage after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by regulating the activity of IKKβ.
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Objective:To analysis the risk factors for central compartment lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.Methods:The clinical data of 200 patients with PTMC were retrospectively analyzed,and the risk factors for central compartment lymph node metastasis were ananlyzed also.Results:200 patients with PTMC includes 70 cases for central lymph node metastasis with metastasis rate as 35％.Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that tumor size,clinical stage,with or without membrane invasionwere risk factorsfor central lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that tumor size,clinical stage,with or without membrane invasion were independent risk factors forcentral lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Tumor size,clinical stage,with or without membrane invasion were independent risk factors for central lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma,and the central lymph node clearance could prolong the survival time of patients and improve the clinical prognosis when necessary.
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Objective To investigate the expression of Rab11 in children with sepsis at different sta-ges and severe sepsis and its relationship with the occurrence and development of sepsis in children. Methods A prospective control study was performed. All cases were enrolled from Bao′an Maternal and Children Health Care Hospital, and they were divided into sepsis group(40 cases) who were diagnosed as sepsis, severe sepsis group(20 cases) with diagnosis of severe sepsis,and healthy control group(40 healthy chil-dren) . Venous blood samples were collected at admission,and the expression level of blood leukocyte Rab11 was determined by Western blot. In the sepsis group,the expression levels of Rab11 were evaluated at the initial,the extreme and the recovery stages of sepsis,and were compared with those in severe sepsis group and healthy control group, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the expressions of Rab11 and the levels of some parameters in blood,including white blood cell,neu-trophils,lymphocytes,monocytes,eosinophilic granulocyte,C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in blood,at the extreme stage. Meanwhile,the levels of Rab11 at extreme stage of sepsis,caused by different diseases, such as severe pneumonia,bronchiectasis complicated pulmonary infection,biliary tract infection,urinary tract infection, necrotizing enterocolitis and severe enteric viruses infection, were compared with each other. Results At the initial and the extreme stages of sepsis, as well as in severe sepsis group,the levels of Rab11 were significantly lower than that in the healthy control group(0. 54 times,0. 23 times and 0. 07 times, P<0. 05,respectively). There were no significant differences in the expression levels of Rab11 at the recovery stages of sepsis compared with that in the healthy control group(P>0. 05). There was no relation-ship between the level of Rab11 and the number of white blood cell, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophilic granulocyte, while the level of Rab11 was negatively correlated with C-reactive protein ( r =-0. 58,P=0. 014) and procalcitonin(r= -0. 63,P=0. 003) at the extreme stage of sepsis. There was no significant difference in the expression level of Rab11,at the extreme stage of sepsis,among those patients with severe pneumonia,bronchiectasis and pulmonary infection,biliary tract infection,urinary tract infection, necrotizing enterocolitis and severe enterovirus infection(P>0. 05). Conclusion The level of Rab11 is differently expressed at different stages of sepsis,and could be used as a predictor of the severity of sepsis in children.
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<p><b>Objective</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of injection of botulinum-A toxin into the bulbospongiosus muscle in the treatment of primary premature ejaculation (PPE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the inclusion criteria, we randomly assigned 70 outpatients with PPE to a trial and a control group of equal number, the former injected with 100 U botulinum-A toxin at 10 U/ml and the latter with the same volume of saline into the bulbospongiosus muscle. Then, we obtained the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), scores of the Premature Ejaculation Profile (PEP), Male Sexual Health Questionnaire-Ejaculatory Dysfunction (MSHQ-EjD), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups before and 4 weeks after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Complete data were obtained from 69 of the patients, 34 in the trial and 35 in the control group. The effectiveness rate was 47.06% (16/34) in the former but 0 in the latter. At 4 weeks after treatment, the patients of the trial group showed a significantly longer IELT than the controls and the baseline (［2.35 ± 1.83］ vs ［0.79 ± 0.21］ and ［0.74 ±+ 0.27］ min, P < 0.01) and the controls. The patients in the trial group, in comparison with those in the saline control group and the baseline, also exhibited significant improvement in the scores of PEP-ejaculation control (1.21 ± 1.04 vs 0.49 ± 0.56 and 0.47 ± 0.51, P < 0.05), PEP-sexual satisfaction (1.32 ± 1.01 vs 0.71 ± 0.57 and 0.79 ± 0.48, P < 0.05), PEP-PE-related distress (2.12 ± 1.01 vs 2.80 ± 0.68 and 2.76 ± 1.26, P < 0.05), and PEP-PE-induced difficult relationship with the partners (1.38 ± 0.70 vs 2.37 ± 0.55 and 2.12 ± 1.49, P < 0.05). The sexual satisfaction score of the female partners after treatment was markedly improved in the trial group as compared with the control group and the baseline (1.18 ± 1.00 vs 0.57 ± 0.50 and 0.62 ± 0.60, P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in MSHQ-EjD and HADS scores between the two groups before and after treatment. Adverse reactions were observed in 6 cases (17.65%) in the trial group, including 4 cases of decreased erectile hardness (11.76%) and 2 cases of incomplete urination (5.88%), which occurred from the 3 to 4 days after injection, and those with decreased erectile hardness could complete sexual intercourse without any other treatment and recovered after 3 weeks.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Injection of botulinum-A toxin into the bulbospongiosus muscle can be used as an option for the treatment of PPE. Its clinical application value, however, needs to be verified by further studies with larger samples.</p>
ABSTRACT
<p><b>Objective</b>To investigate the effect of Kangshuailing Gao (KG) on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in rats and its action mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty BPH model rats were randomized into five groups of equal number, BPH model control, finasteride control, and high-, medium- and low-dose KG, to be treated intragastrically with distilled water, finasteride solution at 0.52 mg/kg, and KG solution at 4.16, 2.08 and 1.04 g/kg respectively once a day for 30 days consecutively. Another 10 normal healthy rats were taken as blank controls. The rats were weighed once a week during the treatment. The wet weight and index of the prostate were obtained after treatment, followed by measurement of the contents of serum estradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone (T) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the prostatic tissue, and observation of histomorphological changes in the prostate under the light microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the BPH model control group, high- and medium-dose KG significantly reduced the prostate wet weight (［0.84 ± 0.08］ vs ［0.69 ± 0.04］ and ［0.71 ± 0.07］ g, P < 0.01), the prostatic index (［0.28 ± 0.03］% vs ［0.20 ± 0.02］% and ［0.22 ± 0.03］%, P < 0.01), and the levels of T (［4.63 ± 1.25］ vs ［2.44 ± 0.47］ and ［2.91 ± 0.69］ ng/L, P < 0.01) and DHT (［154.44 ± 20.25］ vs ［88.23 ± 13.63］ and ［90.52 ± 16.44］ nmol/L, P < 0.01), but increased the level of E2 (［0.95 ± 0.24］ vs ［1.19 ± 0.14］ and ［1.20 ± 0.22］ nmol/L, P < 0.01) in the serum. High-dose KG remarkably reduced the overexpression of HIF-1α in the prostate tissue of the BPH model rats (P < 0.01) and alleviated such BPH-related symptoms as epithelium thinning, intraglandular secretion reduction, and interstitial substance decrease.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Kangshuailing Gao acted effectively on BPH in the model rats by reducing the androgen level, balancing the estrogen/androgen ratio, and downregulating the expression of HIF-1α in the prostate tissue.</p>